September 1939 |
Poland | German, and then the Russian, invasion of Poland |
February 1945 | Crimea | Yalta conference |
April 1945 | USA | Death of FDR Harry Truman President, 1945-1952, (end of Lend/Lease; Molotov incident; remark in Senate abotu backing either side in war) |
May 1945 |
Victory in Europe (VE) Day |
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1945 | July-August 1945 | At the Potsdam Conference in the summer of 1945 leaders of the victorious allied powers decided upon the division of Germany. That decision meant that Germany would become the center of East-West rivalry in the following years. Critics of the conference proceedings have long argued that the absence of Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill allowed Stalin to dominate the proceedings and ensure that communist regimes became firmly entrenched in Eastern Europe. |
First Un Meetin in San Francisoo |
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September 1945 |
Victory in Japan (VJ) Day |
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1947 | Central and Eastern Europe |
Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe (Czech opted out) |
1947 | USA | Truman Doctrine. President Truman announced U.S. aid to Turkey and Greece independence and other coutnries threatened by communism |
1947 | Rio Pact | U.S. influences most Latin American countries to ban communist parties and accept a collective security agreement |
1948 | Berlin Airlift | |
1948 | Cominforn and Tito problem | |
1948 | OAS | Organization of American States follows Rio Pact |
1949 | Soviet Union | Exploded their first atomic bomb |
1949 | Communist China | |
1949 | Germany | Federal Republic of West Germany created |
1950 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (U.S., Canada, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Italy, and Portugal) created (Greece and Turkey in 1952) |
1950 | NSC | NCS-68, a secret planning document |
Rosenberg spy case, alger hiss, mcarthyism |
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1950 | USA | Central Intelligence Agency created |
1950-1953 | Korean War | North Korea attacks South Korea (UN intervention when Russia missing; China) |
1951 | Europe | European Coal and Steel Authority merged mines and steel mills in France, West Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries |
1953 | Soviet Union | Stalin’s Death (struggle for power) |
1953 | Soviet Union | Exploded their hydrogen bomb (nine months after the U.S. did) |
1953 | Unrest in East Germany | |
1953-1961 | USA | Dwight D. Eisenhower President (Cento, Baghdad pact, non-aligned movement, Nassar) |
1954 | Vietnam | Vietminh defeated the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, US later started protecting S. Vietnam after Paris Accords |
1955 | Warsaw Pact | Alliance of Eastern European client states |
1956 | Secret Speech, crimes of the Stalin era, cult of personality | |
1956 | Poland | |
1956 | Hungary | Revolted against Soviet domination (U.S. would not interfere) |
1956 | USA | Retaliated against allies (British, French, and Israelis) invading Egypt in Suez Crisis; Aswan Dam |
1956-1964 | Soviet Union | Nikita S. Khrushchev |
1957 | Europe | France, West Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries signed the Treaties of Rome and formed the European Economic Commision (EEC) |
Sputnik |
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1958-1969 | France | General de Gaulle wanted Europe to be independent of the bi-polar powers of U.S. and Soviet domination, ousted NATO from France, attacked the international monetary system, demanding gold for payments |
1960 | National Liberation Movements and Domino theory | |
1959 | Cuba | Fidel Castro came to power after the Cuban Revolution |
1960 | Vietnam | National Liberation Front (FLN in French) started guerrilla operations in S. Vietnam jungles |
1961 | Cuba | Cuban refugees formed by CIA overtaken at the Bay of Pigs |
1961 | Soviet Union | Berlin Wall built to keep people in |
1961-1963 | USA | John F. Kennedy President |
1962 | Cuba/USA | Cuban Missile Crisis with missile bases in Cuba |
1963-1969 | USA | Lyndon B. Johnson President |
1963 | Test Ban Treaty | |
1964 | USA | Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Martin Luther King |
1967 | Seven Day War between Israel and Arabs | |
1968 | Vietnam | The FLN achieved great successes and infiltrated the American Embassy, bringing the war almost to a close in the Tet Offensive |
1968 | Prague Spring; Communism with a human Face | |
1968 | USA | Martin Luther King assassinated |
1969-1974 | USA | Richard M. Nixon President |
1972 | China/USA | President Nixon visits China |
1972 | Soviet Union/USA | President Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev come to terms after 3 yrs of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) |
1973 | Vietnam | Withdrawal of U.S. troops |
1973 | Arab-Israel Conflict again (Russia vs US) | |
1973 | OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries created to control costs |
1974 | Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Cambodia, Laos, Somalia (1969), Sudan, Congo | |
1975 | Vietnam | The war was lost when North Vietnamese entered Saigon |
1975 | Europe | European Security Conference in Helsinki, Finland, European countries and the U.S. promised to honor each others borders |
1977-1981 | USA | Jimmy Carter President |
1979 | Soviet Union/USA | President Carter and Soviets come to terms on the second Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) |
1979 | Soviet Union / Afghanistan | Soviet invasion of Afghanistan when Afghans held the pro-soviet governments in contempt |
1981-1987 | USA | Ronald Reagan President |
1985 | Soviet Union | Mikhail Gorbachev became President |
1986 | Soviet Union / USA | Intermediate nuclear forces (INF treaty) held to eliminate ground based missiles |
1987 | Soviet Union / USA | Reagan-Gorbachev summit held to ensure INF weapons destroyed |
1987-1991 | USA | George Bush President |
1987-1991 | USA | Wall Street crash |
1989 | Soviet Union | Berlin Wall falls |
1991 | Soviet Union | Collapse (December 25th) into 15 separate and independent countries |
1991 | Soviet Union | Warsaw Pact and Comecon dissolved, Soviet Union became the "Commonwealth of Independent States" |
1991 | Iraq/Kuwait | President Bush/Saddam Hussein in the Persion Gulf War |
1991 | European Union | Voted to have a single European currency by the year 2000 to strengthen the European economy |
1991-1996 | Bosnia | Civil war between Serbians, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims |
1991-1999 | USA | Bill Clinton President |
1992 | Soviet Union / USA | Bush and Boris Yeltsin formally end the Cold War |
1993 | EEC | Became the European Union w/new members Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain and Portugal |
1998 | European Union | 7 European nations lifted passport examination between their borders |
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page is copyright © 2006, C.T. Evans
For information contact cevans@nvcc.edu